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Dr. Tim Ball shows that pre-industrial levels of carbon dioxide where higher in pre-industrial times than the values cited by the IPCC. He concludes that "The pre-industrial CO2 level was not significantly lower than current levels."

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This paper by Ernst-Georg Beck is a new scientific research milepost. He summarized 90,000 accurate chemical analysis of CO2 in air since 1812. The data shows that CO2 concentrations have been much more variable than the history utilized by the IPCC.

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A Word document summary of the Ernst-Georg Beck paper shown above.

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This technical paper by Zbigniew Jaworowski details the problems with determining CO2 concentrations from ice cores. The ice cores do not form a closed system, and when the ice core is brought to the surface, the reduction of pressure causes CO2 to be preferentially lost through tiny cracks in the ice. The paper also criticizes the IPCC process in creating the Summary for Policymakers.

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A graphical presentation of the manipulation of the history of CO2 by Ernst-Georg Beck.